Every submitted manuscript will undergo plagiarism screening using Turnitin and/or iThenticate prior to the peer review process. The journal applies a maximum similarity threshold of 20% overall similarity, with no more than 5% similarity from a single source.

Manuscripts exceeding the permitted similarity limit will be returned to the authors for revision before proceeding to the review stage. The journal strictly prohibits all forms of plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, improper citation, data fabrication, and other unethical publication practices.

Authors are fully responsible for ensuring the originality of their manuscripts and for properly acknowledging all referenced sources.