The journal is committed to maintaining international publication ethics standards in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The main ethical principles applied by the journal include:

1. Data Integrity
   Manipulation, fabrication, falsification of data, and plagiarism are considered serious ethical violations.
2. Methodological Transparency
   Authors must clearly describe the research methods, limitations, and assumptions used in their studies.
3. Editorial Independence
   Editors and reviewers must not have any conflicts of interest related to the submitted manuscripts.
4. Double-Blind Peer Review
   The identities of authors and reviewers are kept confidential from one another throughout the review process.
5. Conflict of Interest Disclosure
   Authors are required to declare whether any conflicts of interest exist in relation to their research and publication.
6. Retraction Policy
   Articles proven to violate publication ethics will be formally retracted and publicly documented by the journal.
7. Self-Plagiarism
   Republishing or duplicating one’s own work without proper attribution or acknowledgment is strictly prohibited.